We all use sunscreen cream and lotion. There are now sunscreen pills available in the market. How do these work and are they better? Dr DM Mahajan, senior consultant, dermatology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, says: “Sunscreen pills, despite their name, do not work in the same way as topical sunscreens. These oral supplements typically contain antioxidants like polypodium leucotomos extract, beta-carotene, or astaxanthin. The primary mechanism of action is believed to be through enhancing the body’s natural defence against UV-induced damage.
These antioxidants may help neutralise free radicals generated by UV exposure, potentially reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in skin cells. Some ingredients may also boost the production of melanin, the skin’s natural pigment that provides some UV protection.” He adds: “However, it is crucial to note that these pills are not FDA-approved as sunscreens and should not be considered a replacement for topical sunscreen or other sun protection measures. The efficacy of these supplements in providing meaningful sun protection is still a subject of ongoing research and debate in the dermatological community.”
Physical barriers, such as mineral-based sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, are generally considered more effective and safer than oral sunscreen supplements. These physical sunscreens work by creating a protective layer on the skin that reflects and scatters UV rays, preventing them from penetrating the skin. They offer broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays and start working immediately upon application. Moreover, physical sunscreens are less likely to cause skin irritation compared to chemical sunscreens, making them suitable for sensitive skin.
Their efficacy is well-established through extensive research and clinical trials, and they are FDA-approved for sun protection. Physical sunscreens also have the advantage of being visible on the skin, allowing users to ensure complete coverage and reapply as needed. While no sun protection method is perfect, topical physical sunscreens remain the gold standard for UV protection when used correctly.
What are the side effects of sunscreen pills, which are basically anti-oxidants, on skin and body?
Sunscreen pills, primarily composed of antioxidants, can have various effects on the skin and body. While generally considered safe when used as directed, potential side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, stomach upset, or diarrhoea. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, particularly to specific plant-based ingredients. There is also a risk of interactions with other medications or supplements, potentially affecting their absorption or efficacy. Long-term use of high doses of certain antioxidants may paradoxically increase oxidative stress in some cases.
Skin-specific side effects are less common but may include photosensitivity in some individuals. It is important to note that these supplements can create a false sense of security, potentially leading to increased UV exposure and associated risks. Additionally, the lack of rigorous regulation for these products means that quality and ingredient consistency can vary. As with any supplement, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before use, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions or those taking other medications.
Do these pills offer any protection against melanomas?
The efficacy of sunscreen pills in protecting against melanomas is not well-established and is a subject of ongoing research.
While some studies suggest that certain antioxidants may have protective effects against UV-induced DNA damage, which is a risk factor for melanoma, the evidence is not strong enough to claim that these pills offer significant protection against melanomas. Melanoma development is a complex process influenced by various factors, including genetics, cumulative sun exposure, and severe sunburns, particularly in childhood. Antioxidants in sunscreen pills may potentially help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation associated with UV exposure, but this does not directly translate to melanoma prevention.
It is crucial to understand that no oral supplement can replace proven melanoma prevention strategies such as regular use of topical sunscreen,
protective clothing, avoiding peak sun hours, and regular skin checks. The FDA has warned against relying on these pills for sun protection. Currently, dermatologists and oncologists do not recommend sunscreen pills as a primary or sole method of melanoma prevention.
