The freshly released Raspberry Pi Pico 2 comes with two different CPUs onboard. A dual core Arm cortex M33 or a Dual Core RISC-V Hazard3, yes the first RISC-V product from Raspberry Pi! The latter CPU has a performance that falls somewhere between the older Raspberry Pi Pico’s dual core Arm Cortex M0+ and the new Arm Cortex M33. The RISC-V CPU was developed by Raspberry Pi employee Luke Wren as an interesting side project.
| Feature | Raspberry Pi Pico 2 | Raspberry Pi Pico |
|---|---|---|
| SoC | RP2350, Dual Core Arm Cortex M33 or Dual Core RISC-V Hazard3 running at up to 150 Mhz | RP2040, Dual Core Arm Cortex M0+ running at up to 133 MHz |
| SRAM | 520 KB | 264 KB |
| Flash Storage | 4MB QSPI | 2MB QSPI |
| Security | Arm TrustZone, 8KB OTP, Secure Boot | None |
| Wi-Fi / Bluetooth | None | None (Pico W has this) |
| Language Support | MicroPython, CircuitPython, C, C++ | MicroPython, CircuitPython, C, C++ |
| USB Interface | USB 1.1 Device and Host | USB 1.1 Device and Host |
| GPIO Logic Level | 3.3V | 3.3V |
| GPIO | 26 x Digital IO | 26 x Digital IO |
| 4 x 12-bit ADC (Analog pins) | 3 x 12-bit ADC (Analog pins) | |
| 2 x UART, 2 x I2C, 2 x SPI, 24 x PWM | 2 x UART, 2 x I2C, 2 x SPI, 16 x PWM | |
| Programmable IO | 12 PIO State Machines | 8 PIO State Machines |
| Onboard LED | GPIO 25 | GPIO 25 |
| Power | 1.8 to 5.5V via Micro USB or VSYS | 1.8 to 5.5V via Micro USB or VSYS |
| MCU Sleep Mode | <10uA | 100uA |
| Dimensions | 21 x 51mm | 21 x 51mm |
| Price | $5 | $4 |
Right now there are two ways to use this new CPU, via the C++ workflow, and using a preview of the latest MicroPython firmware. We’re going to use the latest MicroPython firmware for RISC-V to show that it is as easy as the version of MicroPython used for the Arm CPU.
The goal of the project is to create a WS2812B “NeoPixel” light sequence, demonstrating that the RISC-V CPU is capable of handling the timing critical WS2812B protocol and producing a rather splendid “disco light” effect for the office.
For this how to you will need
- Raspberry Pi Pico 2
- Good quality micro USB cable
- Half-size breadboard
- WS2812B “NeoPixel” stick
- 3 x Male to male jumper wires
Installing MicroPython for RISC-V on the Raspberry Pi Pico 2
1. Download the RISC-V MicroPython UF2 file from the MicroPython resource. Ensure that you download the RISC-V preview. Note that as this is a preview, things are liable to break, so do not build any mission critical projects with this firmware.
2. Push and hold the BOOTSEL button on the Pico 2, then connect to your computer using a micro USB cable. Release BOOTSEL once the drive RP2350 appears on your computer.
3. Drag and drop the UF2 file onto the RP2350 drive. The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 will reboot and will now run MicroPython.
If you have never used MicroPython, it is a version of Python 3 developed for microcontrollers. If you can write Python, then you can write MicroPython. To write MicroPython code, we need to use a dedicated editor and the default, basic editor is Thonny which is what we shall use for this tutorial.
4. Download and install Thonny for your OS.
5. Open Thonny.
6. Connect the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 to your computer and in Thonny go to Tools > Options and click on the Interpreter tab. From the interpreter, dropdown list select MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico). The port dropdown menu can be left to automatically detect the Pico. Click Ok to close.
7. Check the Python Shell (REPL) for “Raspberry Pi Pico2 with RP2350-RISCV” to confirm that it has been installed correctly.
Building the Circuit
The circuit is a simple connection between the Pico 2 and the WS2812B “NeoPixels” that uses only three wires. We need connections for power and data.
| Raspberry Pi Pico 2 | NeoPixels | Wire Color |
|---|---|---|
| 3V3 OUT | +5V (VIN) | Red |
| GND (Any) | GND | Black |
| GPIO 16 | DIN (Date In) | Orange |
You may need to solder header pins to your Neopixels, for that you will need the best soldering iron or soldering station, and a quick refresher on how to solder.
Writing the code
The goal of the code is to create a pseudo random light sequence along the full length of NeoPixels.
1. Create a new blank file in Thonny (File >> New).
2. Import a series of modules (pre-written code.) The first is machine, this enables the code to talk to the Pico 2’s GPIO. Next is NeoPixel, an abstraction that makes working with the WS2812B RGB LEDs much easier. Then we import time, used to add delays to the code. Finally we import the random integer generator from the random module. This is used to generate random numbers in our code.
import machine
import neopixel
import time
from random import randint3. Create an object, np, and use it to tell the code that we have NeoPixels connected to pin 16, and that we have 8 “pixels” (individual LEDs) in the chain. Change this value to match how many you have.
np = neopixel.NeoPixel(machine.Pin(16),8)4. Create a try, exception handling sequence. Essentially this tells the Pico 2 to try and run the code that is indented inside of it. If it fails, an exception is raised, and we will catch that later.
try:5. Indented to show that this is the code to “try” and run, add a while True loop to run the code forever. Thonny will auto-indent the code as we type.
while True:6. Create four objects, r,g,b and n to store randomly generated numbers between a range of 0 and 128 (r,g,b) and 0 to 7 (n, the number of NeoPixels in our chain, we have eight, but Python starts counting from zero.) The value 128 is half brightness for the NeoPixels. You can set this to be 255 for full brightness, but it does consume more power, and could affect those with photosensitivity.
r = randint(0,128)
g = randint(0,128)
b = randint(0,128)
n = randint(0,7)7. Print the current color mix values to the Python Shell. This is the mix of R,G and B that makes up the randomly chosen color.
print("This color is: ","{} {} {}".format(r,g,b))8. Set the value of the randomly chosen pixel (n) to the color mix stored as r,g,b using the np object that we created earlier.
np[n] = (r,g,b)9. Write the changes to the NeoPixels, and then wait for 0.1 seconds. This adds a short delay before the code goes back to the start of the while True loop and repeats the process.
np.write()
time.sleep(0.1)10. Create the exception handler part of the code to detect when the user clicks Stop, or press CTRL + C.
except KeyboardInterrupt:11. Print a message “EXIT” to the Python Shell. This tells the user that the exception has been successfully raised and the handler process is now in control.
print("EXIT")12. Using a for loop, iterating through all of the NeoPixels (8 for us). Set all of them to off, and write the changes to take effect.
for i in range(8):
np[i] = (0,0,0)
np.write()13. Save the code to the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 as pixels.py.
14. Click on Run > Run Current Script, or click on the green run button to start the code.
All of the NeoPixels in the chain should soon be a random color, changing every 0.1 seconds. The Python Shell will show the current color as an RGB value.
When you want to stop, click on the stop button, or press CTRL + C on the keyboard.
Complete Code Listing
import machine
import neopixel
import time
from random import randint
np = neopixel.NeoPixel(machine.Pin(16),8)
try:
while True:
r = randint(0,128)
g = randint(0,128)
b = randint(0,128)
n = randint(0,7)
print("This color is: ","{} {} {}".format(r,g,b))
np[n] = (r,g,b)
np.write()
time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("EXIT")
for i in range(8):
np[i] = (0,0,0)
np.write()
