Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall. In 2022, about 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide, and 670,000 died. Earlier, cases of breast cancer were usually reported in women above 50. However, there is now a concerning rise in breast cancer among women in their 20s and 30s.
In a recent press briefing, doctors at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad revealed that younger populations are increasingly at risk, posing new challenges for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Globally, breast cancer is now the most common cancer among women and it accounts for 30 percent of cancers among young adults. Experts point to several contributing factors for this. Most important risk factor for breast cancer in younger age group is having a genetic risk, though other risk factors have a role to play too. Lifestyle choices also play a critical role.
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“Lifestyle factors that may lead to breast cancer can be divided into two broad categories – modifiable and non-modifiable. Within the modifiable ones are obesity, consuming high fat foods, nulliparity, usage of contraceptive pills, and alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, an individual’s sex, increasing age, menarche (onset of the menstrual cycle) before 12 years, menopause in women over 53 years of age, and hereditary cancer are some non-modifiable factors,” Dr. Shiveta Razdan, Consultant, Breast Oncology, Amrita Hospital Faridabad said.
According to Dr. Razdan, smoking and alcohol consumption are significant risk factors. Heavy smoking or consuming even one alcoholic drink per day can increase breast cancer risk by 30-50 percent.
“The use of hormonal contraceptives presents another layer of complexity. Prolonged use of oral contraceptive pills, especially for more than five years, is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. The risk can persist for up to a decade after discontinuation. In addition to cancer concerns, these treatments may also impact fertility, complicating family planning for young women,” she added.
Rising awareness and societal shifts have improved early detection rates, but challenges remain. While breast cancer screening and awareness initiatives are crucial, many young women lack access to these services. India still lacks a national screening program, unlike Western countries where early detection rates are as high as 80%. In India, only 40% of breast cancer cases are detected at an early stage, often leading to more complex treatments and poorer outcomes. Treatment options for younger patients typically include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, reflecting the aggressive nature of cancer in this demographic.
“Preventive measures for young women include regular self-breast examinations starting at an early age and annual or biennial mammograms beginning at 35-40 years. It is essential to consult a specialist if any lump persists for more than three weeks. Prevention, early diagnosis, and timely access to treatment are critical for improving outcomes. Creating awareness and encouraging regular screenings will bridge the gap between knowledge and action. There are also a number of protective steps that women can take to prevent this cancer such as breastfeeding, vegetative diet, maintaining a healthy lifestyle comprising of daily exercise,” Dr. Saphalta Baghmar, Senior Consultant, Medical Oncology, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad said.
As breast cancer cases rise among young adults, proactive steps and early interventions are vital in reducing risks and ensuring better treatment success. This increased incidences in breast cancer cases shows the urgent need for expanded awareness campaigns, screening guidelines, and comprehensive care to combat breast cancer in younger populations, the doctors emphasised.
