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The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Pierre Augustini, Ferenc Crouse and Anne Hullier. The Nobel Committee has accepted that his experiments will be of great help in understanding the world of electrons present in atoms and molecules.
Anne Hullier has become the fifth woman to win Nobel in the field of Physics. Till now, 119 people have been given this honor in the field of Physics. An amount of Rs 8.33 crore and medals will be given to the three winners.
Earlier on Monday, i.e. on October 2, Caitlin Carico and Drew Weissman received the Nobel Prize in the field of Medicine. Nobel Prize distribution will last for a week.
An attosecond is one crore trillionth of a second. Through the light given for such a short time, we can understand the movement of the electron and the change in its energy level.
Generated microwaves to study electrons
The whole world is made of matter. At the same time, matter is made up of countless atoms. An atom has many electrons which exist in different orbitals. They keep moving continuously. When electrons move from one orbit to another, their energy levels change.
To understand this change, the help of attosecond pulse of light is taken. These physicists invented methods through which such microscopic waves of light were generated. This will help in studying the movement of electrons and the energy change occurring in them.
In this picture the movement of electrons in the atom can be seen.
Now let us know about the Nobel Prize in Physics…
On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament. With this, he gave the largest part of his will to a series of awards, the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize is given in the fields of Physiology, Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences.
According to Alfred’s will, the Physics Nobel Prize is awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics. A total of 119 Nobel Prizes have been awarded in Physics from 1921 to 2023.
Physics Nobel Prizes were not awarded in 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940–41 and 1942. This decision was taken by the Nobel Foundation. According to Nobel Foundation rules, if any discovery or invention does not meet the set criteria, then the prize money is kept reserved till the next year. Fewer Nobel Prizes were given during World War-1 and 2.
India’s CV Raman received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Sir Chandrashekhar Venkata Raman, one of India’s most distinguished scientists, received the Physics Nobel Prize in 1930. In 1928, CV Raman proved that when a ray of light passes through a transparent object, a change in its wavelength is visible. He gave his own name to this invention, which is called Raman Effect. He was given the Physics Nobel Prize for this invention.
CV Raman was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, South India. Raman worked as an Assistant Accountant General in 1907, but science was always his first love. Somehow or the other he kept reaching the laboratory and doing his research. In 1917, he left the government job and became Professor of Physics at Calcutta University.
CV Raman is the only Indian to receive the Nobel Prize for Physics.
It was here on 28 February 1928 that he, along with other scientists including KS Krishnan, discovered the Raman Effect. This is why this day is celebrated as National Science Day every year in India. Raman was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1954 for his contribution in the field of science.
Raman effect is still being used in many places. When Chandrayaan-1 announced the presence of water on the Moon, the reason behind it was Raman spectroscopy. Raman effect is proving to be very useful in forensic science also. Now it has become easy to find out which event happened when and how.
CV Raman during the Nobel Award Ceremony. Standing beside him is Hans Fischer, who received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
How are Nobel winners selected?
