Hyderabad: If you’ve been feeling persistently sad, gloomy, and wanting to spend more time indoors for over two weeks, you’re not alone. Doctors say this could be a sign of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) — a form of depression that emerges with seasonal transitions, becoming more noticeable as weather patterns change.
Experts advise not to confuse it for another condition and to seek professional help. SAD manifests primarily in two forms. The first is persistent depression, characterised by sadness, lethargy, low mood, lack of energy, and reduced interest in activities, often occurring during the colder months. The second form affects people with bipolar affective disorder, where they experience elevated moods in the summer, known as summer mania, followed by depressive episodes in winter. In some cases, the pattern can be inverted, with people experiencing mania in winter and depression in summer.
Doctors also note that deficiencies in vitamin D and thyroid-related issues can contribute to these symptoms. Dr Charan Teja Koganti, consultant psychiatrist at KIMS Hospital, emphasises the importance of recognising these signs early, especially if symptoms last more than two weeks, as treatment differs based on severity.
Treatment options
Treatment for seasonal depression can involve a variety of approaches, including lifestyle changes and light therapy. According to Dr K Chandrasekhar, a prominent clinician, physical exercise and social engagement are essential for managing SAD. Exposure to bright light is especially helpful since reduced sunlight during seasonal transitions can worsen symptoms.
In more severe cases, a multifaceted treatment approach may be recommended, incorporating antidepressants, psychotherapy, light therapy, yoga, regular physical activity, and a diet designed to enhance serotonin levels. Vitamin D supplementation may also be necessary for some individuals.
Good sleep hygiene
For those living alone or following a consistent daily routine, establishing healthy habits can improve overall well-being. Doctors recommend engaging in enjoyable activities like listening to music, having early dinners, staying warm, and maintaining good sleep hygiene.
Dr Pravanee Chandra, a general medicine specialist, highlights the importance of simple comforts for older adults, such as taking hot baths before bedtime, using hot water bottles, wearing socks, and dressing in layers to retain body heat. Social interactions, such as sharing a cup of tea or snacks with loved ones, can also significantly boost mood and emotional well-being.
